Abstract Our meta-analysis was designed to explored the efficacy and safety of osimertinib as front-line strategy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors had sensitive EGFR mutations. Computerized search for trials from CENTRAL, PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE up to May, 2021. The investigated trials include investigated osimertinib in untreated NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutation. Our meta-analysis summarized the outcomes from 4 studies. Outcomes of this study revealed that PFS was significantly longer for patients treated with osimertinib than the standard EGFR-TKIs/placebo group. In terms of the PFS subgroup analyses, better PFS were found to be higher in patients treated with Osimertinib, regardless of the sex, EGFR-mutated status, and smoking history. Besides, osimertinib improved CNS efficacy in untreated NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutation. In terms of the treatment-related AE subgroup analyses, no difference was identified when comparing Osimertinib vs. the comparable group (p > 0.05). The results suggested that First-line osimertinib treatment achieved a clinically meaningful PFS benefit and tolerable AEs for treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutated than the prior EGFR-TKI/placebo. Meanwhile, osimertinib seemed to be a better option for advanced patients with CNS metastases. In terms of efficacy and tolerability, osimertinib seemed to be a more appropriate upfront therapy among EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

ABSTRACT Long-term excessive application of inorganic fertilizers not only wastes resources but also contaminates the environment. The use of natural substitutes could overcome these drawbacks. We hypothesize that organic fertilizers could increase soil C, N sequestration and improve soil fertility more effectively than inorganic fertilizers, and that in particular effective microorganism (EM) could improve the effects of traditional compost. So, a long-term field experiment regarding improvement of soil fertility, protecting soil environment, and increasing of maize and wheat yield was conducted at China Agricultural University’s Qu-Zhou experiment station since 1993. Field experiment included EM compost treatment, traditional compost treatment, chemical fertilizer treatment, and unfertilized treatment. Soil organic C (SOC), total N, nutrient concentrations, pH, bulk density, and crop yields were determined. The results revealed that long-term repeated application of EM compost promoted soil C and N sequestration, increased soil nutrient contents, decreased soil pH and bulk density, enhanced crop yields in contrast to chemical fertilizer and control treatment. Soil organic C stocks (0-20 cm) were increased by 87.32%, 81.51%, 33.05%, 25.20% and soil total N stocks were increased by 93.26%, 77.53%, 37.64%, 34.83% in contrast to initial values in EM compost, traditional compost, chemical fertilizer and control treatments, respectively. Moreover, maize grain yields in EM compost, traditional compost, and chemical fertilizer treatments were significantly increased by 163.49%, 128.34%, 62.36% compared with control treatment, respectively. The effect of increased soil C and N sequestration, improving soil fertility and enhanced crop yields in application of compost appending EM was better than alone application of compost.

Abstract Purpose: To determine if the combination of lidocaine with epinephrine or gamma globulin would decrease the rate or reduce the amount of local absorption of lidocaine through the airway. Methods: Twenty adult male cats were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: 1) Group LG: lidocaine administered with gamma globulin; 2) Group LS: lidocaine administered with physiological saline); 3) Group LE: lidocaine administered with epinephrine; 4) Group C: control group. Invasive blood pressure, heart rate, and concentration of lidocaine were recorded before and after administration. Results: The peak of plasma concentrations appeared difference (Group LG: 1.39 ± 0.23 mg/L; Group LS: 1.47 ± 0.29 mg/L and Group LE: 0.99 ± 0.08 mg/L). Compared to Group C, there were significant differences in the average heart rate of Groups LG, LS, and LE (P < 0.05). The average systolic blood pressures were significantly different when each group was compared to Group C (P < 0.05). The biological half-life, AUC0-120, peak time, and half-life of absorption among the three groups have not presented statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Administering lidocaine in combination with gamma globulin through airway causes significant decrease the rate and reduce the amount of local absorption of lidocaine in cats.